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  • 1 βιωτικός

    βῐ-ωτικός, ή, όν,
    A fil for life, lively, τὴν διάνοιαν β. καὶ εὐμήχανος, = βιομήχανος, Arist.HA 616b27; acc. to Phryn.332 (who condemns the word), = χρήσιμος ἐν τῷ βίῳ, as in Sotad.6.12.
    II of or pertaining to life, Plb.4.73.8, D.S.2.29, Ph. 2.159;

    χάριτες Plu.2.142b

    ;

    ἀηδίαι Artem.2.30

    ; ἡ -κή (sc. τέχνη) M.Ant.7.61; τὰ β. κριτήρια, opp. λογικά, S.E.P.2.15;

    μέριμναι β. Ev.Luc.21.34

    ;

    β. φροντίς Iamb.Protr.21

    .ά; β. σύμβολα business documents, PTeb.52.9 (ii B. C.); β. θρησκεία popular superstition (cf.

    βίος 111

    ), Sor.1.4;

    ὁ β. νόμος Arr.Epict.1.26

     tit.; τὰ β. ib.3, cf. Plu.2.679d. Adv. - κῶς in the tone of common life, D.T.629; in popular language, Gal.10.269.
    2 βιωτικά, τά, victuals, PRyl.125.11 (i A. D.);

    ἡ β. ἀγορά BCH44.74

     ([place name] Lagina).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βιωτικός

  • 2 ἰταμός

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: headlong, hasty, eager, bold, reckless' (Att.)
    Derivatives: - Also ἴτης, - ου m. `id.' (Ar., Pl.), and ἰτητικός = ἰταμός (Arist.; from ἰτάω, s. εἶμι?). ἰταμότης (Pl., Plb.), ἰταμία (LXX) `vigour, effrontery', ἰταμεύομαι `be ἰτ.' (Jul. Or. 7, 210c; interpolated).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Mostly ἴ-της is derived from ἰ-έναι `go' (Chantraine Formation 318) as "Draufgänger" (Curtius 401 with the ancients, e. g. Pl. Prt. 349e, 359c), though the oxytona in - αμός further are mostly substantives ( ποταμός etc.). From the Attic popular language. (Wrong Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 58f.).
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰταμός

  • 3 κακός

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: `bad, awful, worthless' (Il.).
    Compounds: Often as 1. member (opposion to εὖ); also as 2. member, e. g. ἄ-κακος `who does not know what is bad, unguilty' (bahuvrihi; Sapph., A.); also ἀ-κάκᾱς (Dor.) adjunct of Hades (Megara), of Dareios (A. Pers. 855 [lyr.]), cf. Chantraine Formation 28 (hardly correct Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 187 n. 2).
    Derivatives:. Comp forms: κακώτερος (Il.), κακίων, κάκιστος (Il.; after ἄριστος, Seiler 100f.; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 259). Abstracts: 1. κακότης `badness' (Il.); 2. κακία `id.' (Thgn., Att.; on κακότης: κακία Porzig Satzinhalte 212); 3. κάκη `bad character, cowardice' (A., E.); after πάθη, βλάβη, cf. Frisk Eranos 43, 221; as 2. member in στομα-κάκη a disease of mouth and teeth (Str., Plin.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. κακίζω `revile', - ίζομαι `behave badly, be coward' (Il.) with κακισμός (Phld., Str.), κάκισις (Vett. Val.) `scorn'; 2. κακόω `do wrong, damage,' (Il.) with κάκωσις `maltreat, damage' (IA.), κακωτής `damager', κακωτικός `damaging, harmful' (Ph., Vett. Val.); 3. κακύνομαι, - ύνω `prove bad, cowardly, damage' (E., Pl.; Schwyzer 733).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown] (PGX)
    Etymology: No clear etymology, originally no doubt an expressive word of the (lower) popular language. Often compared with κακκάω (Prellwitz, Güntert Reimwortbildungen 83); even less probable or quite impossible proposals in Bq; see Scheftelowitz ZII 6, 119. - New Phryg. κακο(υ)ν is a Greek LW [loanword], Solmsen KZ 34, 52 n. 4, Hirt Idg. 2, 596; diff. Meillet MSL 15, 340. Is it Pre-Greek?
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κακός

  • 4 νώγαλα

    Grammatical information: n. pl.
    Meaning: `dainties, sweetmeats' (Com. IVa)
    Derivatives: νωγαλέος = λαμπρός (Zonar.) and νωγαλ-ίζω `chew ν.' (Com. IVa) with νωγαλίσματα pl. = νώγαλα (Poll.); also - εύω `id.' (Suid.) with - εύματα pl. `id.' (Com. V--IVa).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Word of popular language without etymology. After Grošelj Živa Ant. 1, 259 dissimilated from *λώγαλα, from λώγη. Older attempt in Bq.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νώγαλα

  • 5 πέρδομαι

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to fart' (Ar.).
    Other forms: Perf. πέπορδα (with result. meaning.), aor. (only w. preflx) - παρδεῖν, fut. - παρδήσομαι.
    Compounds: Also w. ἀπο-, κατα-, προσ-, ὑπο-.
    Derivatives: 1. πορδή f. `fart' (Ar.) with πόρδων, - ωνος m. nickname of the cynics (Arr.); 2. πράδησις f. `farting' (Hp.); 3. πραδίλη f. `id.' (Theognost.; σπατ-ίλη, κον-ίλη a.o.); reduplicated πεπραδῖλαι pl. `id.', also name of a fish (H., Phot.) as πεπρίλος ἰχθῦς ποιός H. (after the sound he produces; Strömberg Fischn. 76). 4. Enlargment πήραξον ἀφόδευσον H.; Cret. for *πέρδαξον as from *περδ-άζομαι; besides ἀποπαρδακᾳ̃ (- κα?) τοῦτο εἴρηται παρὰ τὸ ἀποπαρδεῖν H.; cf. Specht KZ 66, 201. -- Here also σιληπορδέω and πέρδιξ, s. v.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [819] * perd- `fart'
    Etymology: With themat. root-present πέρδομαι agrees the also middle Skt. párdate; with the act. root-aor. ἀπ-έ-παρδον agrees the also act. aor. Av. pǝrǝdǝn; act. πέπορδα like δέδορκα (Wackernagel Unt. 224 w. n. 2). Also elsewhere is this old verb of the popular language retained: Germ., e.g. OHG ferzan, Slav., e.g. Russ. perdětь, Lith. pérdšu, pérsti etc.; s. WP. 2, 49, Pok. 819. A phonetic variant (IE * pesd- beside * perd-) is found a.o. in Lat. pēdō, s. W.-Hofmann w. rich lit.; cf. also βδέω. -- With Basque eperdi, ipurdi `hind, after' πέρδομαι has nothing to do; cf. Lafon BSL 54 c. r. 52 f. (against Elderkin A comp. study of Basque and Greek vocabularies [Princeton 1958]).
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέρδομαι

  • 6 συκοφάντης

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `false accuser, denunciator', later also `trickster, cadger' (Ar.).
    Other forms: Besides συκοφάσεις pl. = συκοφαντίαι (AP; after ἀποφάσεις a.o.).
    Derivatives: συκοφαντ-έω `act as denunciator, accuse falsely, to practise blackmail', - ία f. `false accusation', - ίας m. ( ἄνεμος) "wind of accusations" (joking formation; Ar.), - ημα n. = - ία, - ικός und - ώδης `slanderous' (Att. etc.). Fem. συκοφάντρια (Ar.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 25).
    Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]
    Etymology: Expression of popular language, prop. "fig-indicator", already in antiquity diff. explained. According to one interpretation (Plu. Sol. 24) prop. from one, who found out people, who against the prohibition exported figs from Attica, and denounced them. After Cook ClassRev. 1907, 133 ff. (agreeing Kretschmer Glotta 1, 386 w. lit.) the expression refers to an apotropäic gesture like Ital. far le fiche, Fr. faire la figue à qn. For the literal interpretation Gernet Mél. Boisacq 1, 393.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > συκοφάντης

  • 7 κοινός

    κοινός, ή, όν, also ός, όν S.Tr. 207 (lyr.):—
    A common (opp. ἴδιος), not in Hom. (v. ξυνός) ; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Hes.Op. 723;

    ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ. Ar.Ec. 610

    ; of a common altar, Simon.140;

    τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ. SIG1044.29

     (Halic., iv/iii B.C.);

    κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ' Ἀΐδα Pi.N.7.30

    ; τρεῖς.. κ. ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, A.Pr. 795; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus, ib. 613;

    τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς Pl. R. 457d

    : prov.,

    κοινὸν τύχη A.Fr. 389

    , cf. Men.Mon. 356;

    κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων E.Or. 735

     (troch.), Pl.Phdr. 279c, Men.9, etc.; κ. Ἑρμῆς 'share the luck', Id.Epit.67, 100; κ. ἀρωγά common aid (i.e. for all), S.Ph. 1145 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά and let the shouts of males rise jointly, Id.Tr. 207 (lyr.);

    κ. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν X.Hier.2.8

    ;

    τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κ. Men.531.8

    ;

    κ. τὸν ᾅδην ἔσχον οἱ πάντες βροτοί Id.538.8

    ;

    κ. ἀγαθὸν τοῦτ' ἐστί, χρηστὸς εὐτυχῶν Id.791

    : c. dat., κ. τινί common to or with another,

    ὑμῖν φῶς.. καὶ τοῖσδ' ἅπασι κ. A.Ag. 523

    ;

    ὁ δαίμων κ. ἦν ἀμφοῖν ἅμα Id.Th. 812

    ;

    θάλατταν κ. ἐᾶν τοῖς ἡττημένοις And.3.19

    ;

    οἰκία.. κοινοτάτη ἀεὶ τῷ δεομένῳ Id.1.147

    ; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτη; Arist.Pol. 1289b14, cf. 1265b29;

    κοινόν τι χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυα X.HG7.1.32

    ;

    τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κ. ἡμῖν Men.611

    : c. gen.,

    πάντων αἰθὴρ κ. φάος εἱλίσσων A.Pr. 1092

     (anap.), cf. Pers. 132 (lyr.), Eu. 109, Pi.N.1.32; κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων shared in by both.., Pl.Mx. 241c, etc.: with Preps., τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., v. infr. v;

    κ. κατ' ἀμφοτέρων A.D.Synt.144.19

    ;

    οὐ γίγνεταί μοί τι κ. πρός τινα AP11.141

     (Lucill.), cf. Iamb.Myst.5.7; μέρος κ. πρός τινα shared with.., CPR22.11 (ii A.D.), etc.;

    κ. μεταξύ τινων Stud.Pal.1.7

     ii 11     (v A.D.).
    II in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Th.5.90;

    κ. λόγῳ Id.5.37

    , Hdt.1.141; κ. στόλῳ ib. 170;

    ἀδικήματα D.21.45

    ;

    ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος Pl.Lg. 872b

    ; κοινότατον of public or general interest, ib. 724b, cf. Arist.Rh. 1354b29; of constitutions, popular, free,

    κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Isoc.10.36

    .
    2 τὸ κ. the state,

    τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων Hdt.1.67

    : abs., of one's own state, Ar.Ec. 208, etc.;

    τὸ κ. ὠφελεῖται Antipho 3.2.3

    , cf. X.Cyr.2.2.20;

    τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κ. ἀπεδίδου Isoc.10.36

    .
    b esp. of leagues or federations,

    τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων Hdt.5.109

    ;

    τῶν συμμάχων Isoc.14.21

    ;

    τῶν Βοιωτῶν SIG457.10

     (Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb.20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (sc. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Th.4.78; also, of private associations, Test.Epict.1.22, SIG 1113 ([place name] Loryma), al.; of guilds or corporations,

    τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων POxy.53.2

     (iv A.D.); of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων ib.54.12 (iii A.D.).
    c the government, public authorities, Th.1.90, 2.12, etc.;

    τὰ κ. Hdt.3.156

    ;

    ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κ. Th.5.37

    ; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Hdt.5.85, 8.135; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Id.9.87.
    d the public treasury,

    χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων Id.7.144

    ;

    ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ ἐν τοῖς ίεροῖς Th.6.6

    , cf. 17;

    χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ. Hdt.9.87

    ; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Art.), Th.1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.
    e common right or rights of citizens,

    τὸ κ. τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν Arist.Pol. 1283b41

    .
    3 τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, D. 18.257, Aeschin.1.165; but also, the public money, Ar.Pl. 569, D.8.23 (in full,

    τὰ κ. χρήματα X.HG6.5.34

    , Arist.Pol. 1271b11); τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opp. τὰ ἁγνά, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, X.An.4.7.27, 5.1.12;

    ἐκ κοινοῦ φαγεῖν Euphro 8.4

    , cf. Antiph. 230; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, PGrenf.1.21.19 (ii B.C.).
    III common, ordinary,

    τὰ κ. εἰδέναι Pl.Ax. 366b

    ;

    διὰ τῶν κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πίστεις Arist.Rh. 1355a27

    ; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Id.EN 1118b1; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Men.Sam.27, Epit. 309; so

    κ. τόπος Hermog.Prog.6

    , Aphth.Prog.7; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Phld.Rh.1.37 S., 202 S.; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Id.Sign.28;

    κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα Longin.40.2

    ;

    κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα D.H.Lys.3

    ; ἡ κ. διάλεκτος every-day language (free from archaisms and far-fetched expressions), Id.Isoc.2;

    πεφευγὼς τὸ κ. Phld.Acad. Ind.p.53

     M.
    2 Gramm., ordinary, 'regular' Greek, opp. special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Sch.D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S.1.16, Theodos.Can.p.37 H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, A.D. Conj.223.24; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Id.Adv.155.10, Pron.4.27; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language, Sch.D.T.p.469 H., EM405.23.
    b colloquial, vulgar Greek, Moer.pp.201 ([comp] Comp., prob. for καιν-), 243 P., al.
    c ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manethoap. J.Ap.1.14.
    3 common, of inferior quality,

    χρυσός POxy.905.5

     (ii A.D.), 1273.6 (iii A.D.).
    4 in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, ' and so forth', freq.in Pap., PMag.Osl.1.255, PMag.Par.1.273, al.; κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις ib.2.53;

    ὁ κ. λόγος PMag.Lond.46.435

    ; cf. κοινολογία.
    IV of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, esp.of brothers and sisters,

    κ. σπέρμα Pi.O.7.92

    , cf.S.OT 261, OC 535 (lyr.);

    κ. αἷμα Id.Ant. 202

    , cf. 1; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, PAmh.2.152.9(v/vi A.D.), PFlor.47.11 (iii A.D.); also

    κ. Χάριτες Pi.O.2.50

    .
    2 one who shares in a thing, partner,

    ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα S.OT 240

    ;

    κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι Id.Aj. 267

    , cf. Ar.V. 917; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 ([place name] Cyrene).
    3 lending a ready ear to all, impartial,

    μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Th.3.53

    ; neutral, ib.68;

    κοινοὺς τῷ τε διώκοντι καὶ τῷ φεύγοντι Lys.15.1

    ;

    μέτριος καὶ κ. Arist.Ath.6.3

    ; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, GDI1832.10 (Delph.);

    κ. μεσίτης PStrassb.41.14

     (iii A.D.); of a capital city, δεῖ.. κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Arist.Pol. 1327a6.
    b courteous, affable, X. Cyn.13.9;

    κ. ἅπασι γενέσθαι Isoc.5.80

    ;

    τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ. Democh.2

     J.;

    ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας Phld.Rh.1.202

     S.
    c in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Vett.Val.119.30, Porph.Hist.Phil.12 (pl.).
    d of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Th.5.102; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι c. inf., And.2.6.
    V in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Pl.Tht. 185b, 185c;

    τὰ κ. λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα Arist.APo. 76b14

    ; αἱ κ. ἀρχαί ib. 88a36; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Euc.; general,

    κ. ὅρος Arist.Metaph. 987b6

    ; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Phld.Rh.1.69S.; κ. σημεῖον, opp. ἴδιον, Id.Sign.14; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Id.Po.5.22;

    ὄνομα κ. Str.10.2.10

    ; abstract,

    ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός Dam.Pr. 341

    .
    VI Gramm.,
    1 κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, D.T.633.17, Heph. 1.4.
    b κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Id.pp.58,59 C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Id.p.60 C.
    2 v.supr.111.2.
    3 of gender,

    κ. γένος D.T.634.19

    ; of nouns, A.D.Pron.30.7, al., EM143.33, 305.19, etc.
    4 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, A.D.Synt.122.14, al.; κοινὸν or ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ib.20, 28, al.
    VII of forbidden meats, common, profane,

    φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον Act.Ap.10.14

    , cf. Ep.Rom.14.14;

    κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν Ev.Marc.7.2

    .
    VIII κοινόν, τό, name of an eye-salve, CIL 13.10021.3, al.
    B Adv. κοινῶς in common, jointly, E. Ion 1462;

    τὰ κοινὰ κ. δεῖ φέρειν συμπτώματα Men.817

    : [comp] Comp., ἐν Κρήτῃ -οτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων] Arist.Pol. 1272a16.
    2 publicly,

    κ. μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν Th.2.42

    , etc.
    3 sociably, like other citizens,

    οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν Isoc.4.151

    ;

    ἴσως καὶ κ. πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι Arist.Rh.Al. 1430a1

    ;

    κ. καὶ φιλικῶς Plu.Ant.33

    ; μετρίως καὶ κ. ὰσπάζεσθαι Id.Arat.43.
    4 in general, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον", Phld.Vit.p.34J., Mort.38; opp. ἰδίως, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.41, Plu.Marc.8, cf. Longin.15.1;

    κοινότερον εἰπεῖν Phld.Rh.1.256

     S.; - οτέρως Orib.Fr.93.
    5 in the common dialect, A.D.Pron.82.27, al.: [comp] Comp. - ότερον Id.Synt.159.5.
    6 in plain language, opp. σοφιστικῶς, Plu.2.659f; in the ordinary or wide sense, opp. κυρίως, Them.in APo.5.5: [comp] Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.
    II fem. dat. [full] κοινῇ; [dialect] Dor. [full] κοινᾷ SIG56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); [dialect] Boeot. [full] κυνῆ ib.635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—in common, by common consent, Hdt.1.148, 3.79, S.OT 606, OC 1339, E.Hipp. 731, Th.1.3, etc.;

    κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς Arist.Pol. 1278b23

    , cf. Ath.40.3; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Pl.Smp. 209c, SIG346.27 (iv B.C.), X.Mem.1.6.14, etc.;

    ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ. Alex.291

    : also neut.pl.

    κοινά S.Ant. 546

    .
    2 publicly,

    καὶ κ. καὶ ἰδίᾳ X.HG1.2.10

    , Mem.2.1.12, etc.
    3 as Prep. c. dat., together with, E. Ion 1228, Hel. 829, Fr. 823.
    III with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public,

    ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ' ἐς κ. φράσω A.Pr. 844

    ;

    πᾶσιν ἐς κ. λέγω Id.Eu. 408

    , cf.Ar.Av. 457 (lyr.), Pl.Lg. 796e;

    εἰς κ. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι D.19.156

    ; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Pl.Tht. 165a, X. An.5.6.27; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Pl.Lg. 681c.
    2 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, v.A.1.1, 11.3, VI.4.
    3 ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Lat. rem in medio reliquerunt, Arist.Metaph. 987b14; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, = οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι, Id.de An. 407b29.
    4 κατὰ κοινόν, opp. κατ' ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Lexap.D.21.94, Plb.4.3.5; prob. for

    κατὰ κοινοῦ Id.11.30.3

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κοινός

  • 8 νομίζω

    νομ-ίζω, [tense] fut.
    A

    νομιῶ Ar.Av. 571

    , Th.4.87, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 1pl.

    νομιοῦμεν Hdt.2.17

    ; later

    νομίσω Longus 1.1

     codd., Procop.Gaz.Ep.12: [tense] aor. ἐνόμισα, poet.

    νόμισα Pi.I.5(4).2

    : [tense] pf.

    νενόμικα Axionic.6.8

    :—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    νομισθήσομαι Pl.Sph. 240e

    , etc.: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. νομιοῦμαι in pass. sense, Hp.Morb.Sacr.1: [tense] aor. ἐνομίσθην (v. infr. 1.1, 2): [tense] pf. νενόμισμαι, [ per.] 3pl.

    νενομίδαται D.C.51.23

    ; [dialect] Dor. inf.

    - ίχθαι Sthenid.

     ap. Stob.4.7.63: [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg.

    ἐνενόμιστο Ar.Nu. 962

    : ([etym.] νόμος):—use customarily, practise,

    ἓν τόδε ἴδιον νενομίκασι Hdt.1.173

    ; ν. γλῶσσαν to have a language in common use, ib. 142;

    φωνήν Id.2.42

    ;

    οὔτε ἀσπίδα οὔτε δόρυ Id.5.97

    ; πανήγυριν, πληγὴν ἐν τῇ ὁρτῇ, Id.2.63; ταῦτα.. Ἕλληνες ἀπ' Αἰγυπτίων νενομίκασι have adopted these customs from the Egyptians, ib.51, cf. 4.27;

    ἱπποτροφίας ἐν Πανελλάνων νόμῳ Pi.I.2.38

    ;

    ἀργυροστερῆ βίον A.Ch. 1003(989)

    ;

    ν. θειότατον νόμον Gorg.Fr.6D.

    ; ν. ἐκκλησίαν have a regular popular assembly, Arist. Pol. 1275b7; ἀγορᾶς κατασκευὴν ν. (cj. for ὀνομάζουσιν) ib. 1331a32;

    δραχμὰς ἇν Τροζάνιοι νομίζοντι IG42(1).77.16

     (Epid., ii B.C.):—freq. in [voice] Pass., to be customary,

    οὔτω τοῦτο νομίσδεται Alc.Supp.24

    ;

    ὅπου τὸ χαίρειν μηδαμοῦ νομίζεται A.Eu. 423

    ;

    σωφροσύνη 'νενόμιστο

     was the fashion,

    Ar.Nu. 962

    : impers.,

    εἰκῇ νομίζεται Xenoph.2.13

    ; ὡς νομίζεται as is the custom, A.Eu.32, E.Alc.99 (lyr.), etc.;

    οἷάπερ ν. A.Ag. 1046

    ;

    οἷα τοῖς κάτω νομίζεται S.El. 327

    , cf. 691;

    ᾗ νομίζεται Id.OC 1603

    : part. νομιζόμενος customary,

    γέρα τὰ ν. Th.1.25

    ;

    εὐχαὶ αἱ ν. Id.6.32

    ;

    εἰς τὸν ν. χρόνον IG12.19.15

    ;

    τὰ ν.

     customs, usages,

    Hdt.1.35

    , 5.42, Ar.Pl. 1185;

    τὰ ν. μυστήρια Heraclit.14

    ;

    τὰ ἱερὰ τὰ ν. Antipho 5.82

    ;

    συντελέσαι τὰ ν. τοῖς θεοῖς IG12.22.4

    , cf. 54.16;

    τὰ τοῖς θεοῖς ν. X.Cyr. 4.5.14

    ; freq. of funeral rites,

    τὰ ν. ποιεῖν Aeschin.1.13

    , cf. Isoc.19.33;

    ἐπειδὴ τὰ ν. αὐτῷ φέροιτο D.18.243

    : also [tense] aor. part.,

    τό τοι νομισθὲν τῆς ἀληθείας κρατεῖ S.Fr.86

    ;

    τὰ ν. E.Ba.71

     (lyr.): [tense] pf. part.,

    τὰ νενομισμένα τοῖς κατοιχομένοις PRyl.153.6

     (ii A.D.), cf. SIG1109.34 (ii A.D.).
    2 of a legislator, enact,

    ἐνόμισεν ἑνὶ ἱματίῳ δι' ἔτους προσεθίζεσθαι X.Lac.2.4

    , cf. 12.3, Cyr.8.5.3: c.acc., Id.Lac.1.7:—[voice] Pass., D.C. 37.20;

    τὰ νομισθέντα ὑπὸ Μάρκου Id.78.22

    ; cf.

    νομιστέος 1

    .
    3 c. dat., make common use of, use,

    φωνῇ Hdt.4.117

    ; ὑσί ib.63; νομίζουσι Αἰγύπτιοι οὐδ' ἥρωσι οὐδέν, i.e. practise no such worship, Id.2.50;

    ἀγῶσι καὶ θυσίαις Th.2.38

    ;

    εὐσεβείᾳ Id.3.82

    ;

    οὔτε τούτοις χρῆται οὔθ' οἷς ἡ ἄλλη Ἑλλὰς ν. Id.1.77

    ; esp. use as current coin,

    ἐν Βυζαντίοις, ὅπου σιδαρέοισι νομίσμασιν νομίζουσι Pl.Com.96

     (dub. l.);

    ἐν Λακεδαίμονι σιδηρῷ σταθμῷ νομίζουσι Pl.Erx. 400b

    :—hence in [voice] Pass., to be struck, ἀργύριον νενομισμένον ἐς Τιβέριον, i.e. with the head of Tiberius, Philostr.VA1.15.
    II own, acknowledge, consider as,

    ὡς δούλους ν. τινάς Hdt.2.1

    ;

    τὸν προέχοντα ἔτεσι ν. ὡς πατέρα Pl.Lg. 879c

    : ὡς is freq. omitted,

    ὄμμα γὰρ δόμων νομίζω δεσπότου παρουσίαν A.Pers. 169

    ;

    τοὺς κακοὺς χρηστοὺς ν. S.OT 610

    , cf. Ant. 183, El. 1317;

    τοὺς αὐτοὺς φίλους νομιῶ καὶ ἐχθρούς IG12.71.20

    ;

    νομίσαι χρὴ ταῦτα μυστήρια Ar. Nu. 143

    ; θεὸν ν. τινά believe in one as a god,

    σὺ Ἔρωτα οὐ θεὸν νομίζεις Pl.Smp. 202d

    ;

    θεὰν οὐ τὴν Ἀναίδειαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν Αἰδῶ ν. X.Smp.8.35

    ; ν. τούτους [θεούς] believe in these [as gods], Hdt.4.59;

    οὓς ἡ πόλις ν. θεοὺς οὐ νομίζων X.Mem.1.1.1

    , Ap.10, Pl.Ap. 24b;

    τοὺς ἀρχαίους οὐ ν. Id.Euthphr.3b

    ; but ν. θεοὺς εἶναι believe that there are gods, Id.Ap. 26c, Lg. 886a (cf. infr. 4): without εἶναι, δίκην καὶ θεοὺς μόνον ν. [ἄνθρωπος] Id.Mx. 237d; τὸ παράπαν θεοὺς οὐδαμῶς ν. to be an atheist, Id.Lg. 885c, cf. 908c, Ap. 18c, Prt. 322a;

    θεοὺς ν. οὐδαμοῦ A.Pers. 497

    :—[voice] Pass., to be deemed, reputed, considered,

    οἷς τὸ πέλειν τε καὶ οὐκ εἶναι ταὐτὸν νενόμισται Parm.6.8

    ;

    Ἕλληνες ἤρξαντο νομισθῆναι Hdt. 2.51

    ; οἱ νομιζόμενοι μὲν υἱεῖς, μὴ ὄντες δέ .. D.40.47; ἡ -ομένη (v.l. ὀνομαζ-)

    πολιτεία Arist.Pol. 1293b22

    .
    2 esteem, hold in honour,

    χρυσὸν.. περιώσιον ἄλλων Pi.I.5(4).2

    ;

    οὔτε θεοὺς οὔτε ἀνθρώπους ν. Lys.12.9

    :—[voice] Pass., to be esteemed, Pl.Grg. 466b.
    3 c. acc. rei, hold, believe,

    ταὐτὰ περί τινος Id.Phdr. 258c

    , etc.;

    ἐποίει ἄλλα παρ' ἃ ἐνόμισεν Id.Min. 320b

    ; ἀκοῇ ν., opp. πείρᾳ αἰσθάνεσθαι, Th.4.81.
    4 c. acc. et inf., deem, hold, believe that.., πότερα νομίζεις δυστυχεῖν ἐμέ; S.OC 800, cf. OT 549, X.HG3.4.11;

    θεὸν νομίζουσι εἶναι τὸ πῦρ Hdt.3.16

    : c. [tense] fut. inf., expect that.., S.OT 551: [tense] aor. inf. is sts. found in codd. referring to [tense] fut.,

    ἐνόμισαν ἐπιθέμενοι ῥᾳδίως κρατῆσαι Th.2.3

     ( κρατήσειν in same phrase, Aen.Tact.2.3), cf. Th.3.24, Lys.13.6; in S. Aj. 1082 the [tense] aor. inf. may be gnomic.
    5 c. part.,

    νομίσωμεν ἐκγενησόμενον Th.7.68

    ;

    νόμιζε.. ἄνδρα ἀγαθὸν ἀποκτείνων X.An.6.6.24

    ;

    νόμιζε ταῦτα δεδογμένα Pl.R. 450a

    , cf. D.14.9 (s.v.l.).
    6 with ὡς, Th.3.88.
    7 [voice] Pass., with gen. of the person in possession, τοῦ θεῶν νομίζεται; whose sanctuary is it held to be? S.OC38; οὐ τοῦ κρατοῦντος ἡ πόλις ν.; Id.Ant. 738.
    8 abs., νομίζοντα λέγειν to speak with full belief, Pl.Phdr. 257d (nisi leg. ὀνειδίζοντα).
    9 frequent,

    μυχὸν ν. A.Ch. 801

     (lyr., dub. l.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > νομίζω

  • 9 κάμπτω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `bend, bow, curve' (Il., IA.).
    Other forms: fut. κάμψω, aor. κάμψαι, pass. καμφθῆναι (A., Th.; v. l. Ι 158), perf. pass. κεκάμφθαι (Hp.),
    Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συν-; as 1. member e. g. in καμψί-πους adjunct of Έρινύς (A. Th. 791 [lyr.]), meaning uncertain,
    Derivatives: Substant. 1. ( ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συγ-)καμπή `bow, curvature' (IA.) with κάμπιμος `bent' (E. IT 81, verse end; after πομπή: πόμπιμος, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 81); ἐπικάμπ-ιος `forming an ἐπικαμπή, bow, bend', milit. a. building techn. expression (Ph. Bel., Plb.). 2. ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, συγ- etc.) κάμψις `bow, curving' (IA.); s. Schwyzer 444 n. 11. 3. καμπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "bender, curver", as milit. and sport-term `bend, turning-point of the racing course' (X., Arist., Herod.) with καμπτήριος (sch.). 4. περικάμπτης `tergiversator' (gloss.). - Adject. 5. καμπύλος `bent, curved' (Il.; after ἀγκύλος, Chantraine Formation 250) with καμπύλη f. `crook' (Ar., Plu.), καμπουλίρ (= καμπυλίς) ἐλαίας εἶδος. Λάκωνες H., καμπυλότης `being curved' (Hp., Arist.), καμπύλλω `curve' (Hp.), also καμπυλεύομαι, καμπυλόομαι (medic.), καμπυλιάζω (Phot., Suid.); poet. lengthening καμπυλόεις (AP; Schwyzer 527). 6. ἐπι-, περι-καμπής `curved', from ἐπι-, περι-κάμπτω (vgl. Chantraine 426f., Strömberg Prefix Studies 101). 7. καμπτικός `flexible' (Arist., Poll.). 8. καμψόν καμπύλον H.; after γαμψός? (cf. Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434, Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: This root, which is well represented in Greek, has a verbal stem καμπ- without ablaut, with the primary verbal noun καμπ-ή (with καμπ-ύλος?) and κάμπ-τω with κάμψαι etc., and has in the other languages scattered nominal representatives, partly in metaph. meanings and therefore not always certain: Latv. kampis `curved wood, hook for a kettle', Lith. kam̃pas `corner, side, hidden place', also `curved wood at the collar (of a horse)', with which agree both Lat. campus `field' (prop. `(bow) Biegung, (lower field) Niederung'?) and a German. adj. `mutilated, lame', e. g. Goth. hamfs. "Beside it stands with final -b (cf. on σκαμβός) a Celtic adjective `curved', OIr. camm etc. (\< * cambo-; to which Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 3, 231 connects the brook- and place-name Kobenz \< * Kambantia); cf. further Campona GN in Pannonia). - Further there are in Baltic several words for `curved etc.' with u-vowel, Lith. kum̃pas `curved', Latv. kùmpt `become bent, verschrumpfen' a. o., which may have a reduced vowel-grade, but at the same time have a popular character and therefore can only be added here with reserve." The same applies perhaps even more to a few Skt. words: kumpa- `lame in the hand' (lex.) and, because of the meaning, Skt. kampate `tremble'; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s.vv." More forms in Pok. 525, W.-Hofmann s. campus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kam̃pas. - From κάμψαι perh. Lat. campsāre `sail around, bend off' (Span. cansar etc., Rice Lang. 19, 154ff.); from καμπή Lat.-Rom. camba, gamba (see Fohalle Mélanges Vendryes 157ff., Kretschmer Glotta 16, 166f.) and Alb. kāmbë `leg, foot' (Mann Lang. 17, 19 and 26, 380); from καμπύλος Osman. kambur `hump, humpy' \> NGr. καβούρης (Maidhof Glotta 10, 10); in Byz. γαμματίζω = κάμπτω, - ομαι Amantos assumes (s. Kretschmer Glotta 16, 179) a noun *γάμμα, *κάμμα. - I have maintained here Frisk's discussion, as it shows clearly how unreliable the material is; it is rather from a substratum language. To this comes that IE would require a form * kh₂mp-, a type that is quite rare. The conclusion can only be that καμπ- is of Pre-Greek origin. - Cf. on γαμψός and γνάμτω, for which I also arrived at this conclusion.
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  • 10 κοττίς

    Meaning: `hairdress with long hair on the forehead' (Poll., H., Phot.).
    Other forms: - ίδος f. Dor. for κεφαλή (Poll., H., Phot.); also κοτίς (Hp.), = `ἰνίον, παρεγκεφαλίς' (Gal.), `τῆς κεφαλῆς ἡ κορυφή' (Erot.).
    Compounds: As 2. member in προκοττίς ἡ χαίτη H. and προκόττα f. (dor.)
    Derivatives: κόττικοι αἱ περικεφαλαῖαι; κοττάρια τὰ ἄκρα τῆς κέγχρου H. - Beside it κόττος = κύβος ( Cod. Just.), κοττός ( κόττος) ὄρνις. καὶ οἱ ἀλεκτρυόνες κοττοὶ διὰ τὸν ἐπὶ τῃ̃ κεφαλῃ̃ λόφον (cf. NGr. κόττα `chicken'); κοττοβολεῖν τὸ παρατηρεῖν τινα ὄρνιν H. On κόττος as name of a river-fish (Arist. HA 534a 1) s. Strömberg Fischnamen 119 (after the cock). - PN Κοττίς, Κότταλος, - άλη (Herod.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: Connection with κοτύλη `bowl, dish' is a guess. For a basic *κοτϜ-ίς (Scheftelowitz BB 28, 146) there is no support; rather in this popular diminut. an expressive gemination. - Acc. to Hubschmid Romance Philology 6, 190ff. these words (incl. κοτύλη) come from a pre-IE. hispano-caucasian language-group and have in Iberoromance, in Basque and elsewhere several cognates; orig. meaning `concave or convex rounding', from where `vessel' (\> `head'), also `hill, head' etc. Unhappily most concrete objects can be brought under such a denominator. - Here acc. to Hubschmid also κότταβος as orig. vessel-name. - Diff. on κόττος Mann Lang. 28, 35. - Fur. 362 connects κοτ(τ) ίς, ( προ)κόττα with σκύτη κεφαλή H.(?); the geminate would point to Pre-Greek..
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  • 11 μορμώ

    μορμώ, - οῦς
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `bogey, spectre', also personified and as interjection (Erinn. [?], Ar., X., Theoc., Luc.);
    Other forms: also - όνος, - όνα etc. (Schwyzer 479)
    Derivatives: μορμωτός `frightful' (Lyc.); μορμ-ύσσομαι `frighten' (Call.; for μαρμολύττομαι metri causa?, Debrunner IF 21, 243), μορμύξαν-τες (Phryg. IVp), also μορμύνει and μορμύρει δεινοποιεῖ H. Further the nouns μόρμορος and μύρμος φόβος, μόρμη χαλεπή, ἐκπληκτική H. PN Μόρμυθος (like Γοργώ: Γόργυθος, Leumann Hom. Wörter 155 n. 129); here also ther PN Μυρμιδόνες ? -- Enlarged verbform μορμολύττομαι = μορμύσσομαι (Ar., Pl.. X., Ph.), μορμολυξάμενος (Gal.) with μορμολύκ-η, Dor. -α f. (Sophr. 9, Str.), - ειον (- εῖον) n. (Ar., Pl. u.a.) = μορμώ; also μορμορύζω `id.' (Phot.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Because of μύρμηξ: Lat. formīca one might want to connect, μορμ-ώ through an analogous dissimilation with Lat. form-īdō `ghost'. Further ucertain; prob. like Γοργώ (s. γοργός) a reduplicated fornation, which was used originally as terrorizing call (of childrens language?, cognate with μορμύρω etc. ? WP. 2, 308). The by-forms Μομβρώ, Μομμώ (H.) show the popular character. From the interjection the as demon interpreted Μορμώ may have arisen, from there the appellative. On Μορμώ in the Middle Ages and in recent times Wiener Roman. Forsch. 35, 943 ff. (lingu. unsatistactory, s. Kretschmer Glotta 10, 234 f.). -- Beside μορμώ there was not only μορμύσσομαι, - ύνει, - ύρει, but also μορμο-λύττομαι, - λύκη, - λύκειον; on the expressive λ-enlargement cf. πομφόλυξ, πομφο-λύξαι (: πομφός), βδελύττομαι (beside βδελυρός: βδέω). Dissimilation from *μορμορύττομαι (cf. μόρμορος; Schwyzer 258) is also imaginable. The nouns μορμολύκη, - ειον are rather backfomations. - A connection with Lat. form-ido etc. seems not obious. The words may well be Pre-Greek.
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  • 12 ὄνυξ 1

    ὄνυξ 1., - υχος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `nail, claw, hoof', often metaph. in several meanings' (Il.).
    Dialectal forms: Myc. onuka \/ onuks\/ Nicole Guilleux, RPh. LXXV(2001)149.
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὀνυχο-γραφέομαι `to be carved by a nail' (Hp.), γαμψ-ῶνυξ and - ώνυχος ` with curved claws' (Il., also Arist.; on the stemformation Sommer Nominalkomp.96 ff.); on μῶνυξ s. v.
    Derivatives: Dimin. ὀνύχιον n. (Arist., pap.); ὀνυχιστήρ, - ῆρος m. `hoof' (LXX; cf. on βραχιονιστήρ and ὀνυχίζομαι below); ὀνυχ-ιμαῖος `of the size of nail-parings, tiny' (Com. Adesp.), - ιαῖος `as broad as a nail' (Eust.); ὀνυχ-ίζομαι `to cut one's nails' (Cratin., LXX) with - ισμός m. (Str.), - ιστήριον n. `nailscissors' (Posidipp. Com.); - ίζω `to test with one's nails' (Artem.); - όω `to equip with claws, to bend in a claw-like fashion' (Orib., sch.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [780] * h₃nogh- `nail'
    Etymology: Old (popular s. Ernout-Meillet s. unguis) name of the nail and the hoof, which is in most language-groups, even if in strongly changed form, retained. With the disyllabic ὄνυξ ( ὀνυχ-) agrees best Arm. eɫungn `nail' with secondary n-stem (like ot-n `foot'; s. πούς), dissimilation n -- n \> ɫ -- n and inner nasalisation either from monosyllabic ongh- (Kortlandt assumes that * h₃nogh-\/* h₃ngh- yielded * onog\/* ong, which were contaminated in * onong; this became * enong by dissimilation, which gave eɫungn; Armeniaca 76). The other languages have a monosyllabic stem, either ongh-, n̥gh- (Lat. unguis, Celt., e.g. OIr. ingen f.) or nogh- (Germ., e.g. OHG nagal m. ' Nagel', Balt.-Slav., e.g. Lith. nãgas m. `nail, claw'); with ten. asp. Indo-Ir., e.g. Skt. nakhá- m. n. `nail, claw'; diff. suffixes, which are unimportant for Greek. On the ablaut cf. e.g. ὀμφαλός. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 180 f. and Pok. 780 as in the special. dict, W.-Hofmann a. Ernout-Meillet s. un-guis, Mayrhofer s. nakhám, Fraenkel s. nãgas, Vasmer s. nogá. Rootspeculations in Specht Ursprung 253 b. 1. Wrong Rogge PhW 44, 1004 (ὀ- from ὄγκος).
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  • 13 ὄρνεον

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `bird' (Ν 64).
    Compounds: A few late compp., e.g. ὀρνεο-θηρευτική f. `the art of bird-catching' (Ath.). -- Often as 1. member, e.g. ὀρνιθο-θήρας m. `bird-catcher' (Ar., Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 93 a. 99), ὀρνιχο-λόχος m. `id.' (Pi.). Also as 2. member, e.g. δύσ-ορνις `with bad auspices' (A., E., Plu.), πολυ-όρνιθος `rich of birds' (E.).
    Derivatives: Besides ο῎ρνῑ̆ς, -ῑθος etc. (Il.), acc. sg. also - ιν, pl. also - εις, -ῑς (trag., D.), Dor. -ῑχος etc. (Pi., Alcm., B., Theoc., Cyrene), dat. pl. - ίχεσσι and - ιξι, to which nom. sg. - ιξ, gen. pl. - ίκων (hell. pap.) m. f. `(augural) bird', young-Att. esp. `hen, cock' (Wackernagel Unt. 165 w. n.1). - From it ὀρνε-ώδης `bird-like' (Plu.), - ώτης m. `bird-catcher' (Poll.), - ακός `avian' (Tz.), - άζομαι `to twitter' (Aq.), `to hold one's head up high' ("watching the birds", Com. Adesp.). Several derivv.: 1. Dimin. ὀρνίθ-ιον (IA.), - άριον (com., Arist.), also ὀρν-ύφιον (from ὄρνεον?; Thphr., Dsc.). Further subst. 2. - ᾶς, -ᾶ m. `poulterer' (pap. II--VIp; Schwyzer 461 w. lit.); 3. - ίαι m. pl. "bird-winds", which bring migratory birds (Ion., Arist.), χειμὼν -ίας (Ar.); cf. ἐτησίαι a.o. (Chantraine Form. 95); - ίας m. `bird-fancier' (Lib.); - ίων m. PN (Att.); 4. - ών, - ῶνος m. `henhouse' (inscr., pap.); 5. - ία f. `poisoning by bird dung' ( Hippiatr.; Scheller Oxytonierung 44). Adj. 6. - ειος `of a bird, of a chicken' (Att.); 7. - ικός `belonging to birds, hens' (Luc.); 8. τὰ -ιακά name of a work on birds by D. P. (on the formation Schwyzer 497 w. lit.); 9. - ώδης `bird-like' (Arist.). Verbs 10. - εύω `to catch birds' (X.), - εύομαι `to watch the birds, auspicari' (D.H.) with - εία f. `auspicium' (Plb.), - ευτής m. `bird-catcher' (Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 62), - ευτική f. `the art of bird-catching' (Pl.); 11. - όομαι `to be changed into a bird' (Philoch.); 12. - ιάζω `to speak the language of birds' (sch. Ar. Av.). -- Further ὄρν-ιος = ὀρνίθ-ειος (AP), ὀρν-ίζω `to twitter' (Aq., uncertain; cf. ὀρνεάζομαι ab.). -- On itself stands ὀρναπέτιον n. (Boeot., Ar. Ach. 913; hypocor.-contempting) with unclear α; cf. further κινώπετον, ἑρπετόν a.o., also Bechtel Dial. 1, 308. -- On the diff. formations s. Robert Mél. Niedermann (Neuchâtel 1944) 67ff.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [315] * h₂or-en-? (or * h₃er-en-) `bird'
    Etymology: Both ὄρν-εον and ὄρν-ῑ-ς go back on a ν-stem (in ὄρν-εον enlarged with a prob. genderindicating ε(ι)ο-suffix ( τὰ ὄρνεα older than τὸ ὄρνεον? Chantraine Form. 62; cf. Risch $ 49 a); diff. Wackernagel Unt. 165 n. 1 (stem -neu̯o-). The more usual ὄρν-ῑ-ς is an orig. feminine ῑ-deriv. (cf. Schwyzer 465 a. 573), to which analogic. or popular θ- resp. χ-suffixes were added (Schw. 510 u. 496, Chantraine Form. 366 a. 377; but s. below). The for Greek to be assumed n-stem is found back in Germ. and Hitt. word for `eagle', e.g. Goth. ara (gen. * arin-s), OWNo. are and ǫrn (\< * arn-u- with u-flexion), OE earn etc., Hitt. ḫara-š, gen. ḫaran-aš, IE * or-(e\/ o-)n-. With this interchanges an l-stem in Balto-Slavic, z.B. Lith. erẽl-is, arẽl-is, OCS orьl-ъ, Russ. orël `eagle'. Further forms, also from Armen. and Celt., in WP. 1, 135, Pok. 325f., Fraenkels. erẽlis, Vasmer s. orël; w. rich lit.; older lit. also in Bq. - The suffixes -ῑθ-, -ῑχ- may be Pre-Greek.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρνεον

  • 14 σύριχος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Other forms: Here also ὕριχος (Porson; cod. - ισός Ar. Fr. 569, 5), ὕρισχος and βρίσχος (Phryn. PS), σύρισσος (Poll.), ὑρίσσος (H.), - ός (Theognost.); also ὑρρίς σπυρίς (Zonar.); cf. ὑρίσιδα (for ὑρίς, - ίδα?) σπυρίδιον, σπυρίς H.; ὑρράδα (cod. ὕρρ-) σπυρίδιον (Theognost.), ὕρραχα πρίσχη H. (cf. βρίσχος in Phryn.). With other anlaut: ἄρριχος (s. v.) and ἀρίσκος κόφινος H.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: The suffixes - ιχος and - ίσχος both show the popular character of the above words, which have clearly never reached the stabilising level of the literary language; (of course there may also be mistakes in the tradition). Etymol. unclear. Analytical attempt by Güntert Reimwortbild. 143; cf. also ῥίσκος and the lit. on ἄρριχος; further Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 22 f. w. further details and hypotheses. Furnée 135, 241, 392, 300
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σύριχος

  • 15 καί

    καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.
    ① marker of connections, and
    ⓐ single words
    α. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).
    β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.
    γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.
    δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).
    ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.
    ⓑ clauses and sentences
    α. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).
    β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.
    γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.
    δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.
    ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.
    ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).
    η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.
    θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).
    ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.
    ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.
    ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.
    ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.
    ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.
    ② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.
    ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).
    ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.
    ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).
    ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.
    ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.
    ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.
    ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.
    α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.
    β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).
    ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.
    ⓘ with other particles
    α. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.
    β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.
    γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).
    δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καί

  • 16 πῶλος

    πῶλος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; Ps-Phoc. 126; Just; Philo.)
    ① young animal, foal (orig. ‘colt of a horse’: Hom. et al.; besides, it refers to a horse that is old enough to use: Hipponax 41 Diehl; Anacr. 88 D.; X., De Re Equ. 1, 6 al.; PGM 2, 95; then any ‘young animal’ [Aristot. et al.], the term being applied to any young animal born of its kind, from an elephant to a locust, depending on context; WBauer, The ‘Colt’ of Palm Sunday [Der Palmesel]: JBL 72, ’53, 220–29: the German original in WBauer, Aufsätze u. Kleine Schriften, ed. GStrecker, ’67, 109–20. For an ass cp. exx. fr. Geopon., 16, 21, 6; PLille and BGU 373, 7; Gen 32:15; 49:11ab) ὄνος κ. πῶλος μετʼ αὐτῆς an ass, and a colt with her Mt 21:2; cp. vs. 7 and the quotation in vs. 5; also J 12:15: all three echoing Zech 9:9, whose ὑποζύγιον is correctly termed an ὄνος: foal of an ass. See PNepper-Christensen, Das Mt-evangelium, ’58, 143–48.
    ② horse is meant when π. stands alone without indication that it is a foal, and it can refer to any age from the time of being a foal to a grown working animal: Mk 11:2, 4f, 7; Lk 19:30, 33ab, 35.—Just., A I, 54, 7 τὸ τοῦ πώλου ὄνομα καὶ ὄνου πῶλον καὶ ἵππου σημαίνειν ἐδύνατο=‘the term π. was able to signify both the foal of an ass and of a horse’; but there is no evidence that the term π. was ever used without further qualification in the sense of ‘ass’ or ‘foal of an ass’; s. Bauer (1 above), who prefers horse for the passages in Mk and Lk. Most Eng. translations render π. with ‘colt’, and it is difficult to determine what kind of animal is meant in their versions of Mk and Luke, inasmuch as, similar to Greek usage, ‘colt’, when unqualified, is ordinarily associated with a young male horse, although such popular limitation was not the case in earlier stages of the Eng. language: s. OED s.v. ‘colt’.—HKuhn, Das Reittier Jesu usw., ZNW 50, ’59, 82–91; OMichel, Einzugsgeschichte, NTS 6, ’59/60, 81f.—S. also the lit. s.v. ὄνος.—B. 171. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πῶλος

  • 17 ὑπωπιάζω

    ὑπωπιάζω (on the v.l. ὑποπιάζειν s. W-S. §5, 19 note, end; Mlt-H. 75) (‘strike under the eye, give a black eye to’ Aristot., Rhet. 3, 11, 15, 1413a, 20; TestSol 2:4 D [ὑποπ.]; Plut., Mor. 921f; Diog. L. 6, 89)
    ① to blacken an eye, give a black eye, strike in the face lit. τινά someone, of a woman who is driven to desperation and who the judge in the story thinks might in the end express herself physically ἵνα μὴ εἰς τέλος ἐρχομένη ὑπωπιάζῃ με so that she might not finally come and blacken my eye Lk 18:5. Hyperbole is stock-in-trade of popular storytelling. Some prefer to understand ὑπ. in this pass. in sense
    ② to bring someone to submission by constant annoyance, wear down, fig. ext. of 1 (s. L-S-J-M s.v. II, NRSV, REB, et al.). In this interp. ὑπ. in Lk 18:5 has its meaning determined by εἰς τέλος. But in such case the denouement lacks punch, for the judge has already been worn down and wants nothing added to the κόπος that he has already endured. A more appropriate rendering for a fig. sense would be browbeat.—JDerrett, NTS 18, ’71/72, 178–91 (esp. 189–91): a fig. expr. (common throughout Asia), blacken my face = slander, besmirch underlies ὑπ. here.
    ③ to put under strict discipline, punish, treat roughly, torment, also fig. (cp. Aristoph., Fgm. 541 πόλεις ὑπωπιασμέναι) 1 Cor 9:27 (of the apostle’s self-imposed discipline. But the expr. is obviously taken fr. the language of prize-fighting vs. 26; on the virtue of self-control cp. X., Mem. 2, 1, 1; 5).—DELG s.v. ὄπωπα E. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὑπωπιάζω

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